Computer Science · Hardware & Systems

How the Internet Works

The internet isn't a cloud in the sky — it's a real network of cables, routers, and servers sending your data as tiny packets.
🌐The Journey of Your Request
request travels out → ← web page comes back YOU ROUTER ISP + DNS finds the address SERVER
Every device has its own IP address, so each step knows exactly where to send your data next.
📦Data Travels in Packets
✂️One file → many packets → put back together
big file 1 2 3 reassembled! each packet takes the fastest route it can find
1SplitYour request is chopped into tiny numbered packets.
2TravelEach packet zips along the fastest open path.
3ReassembleYour device puts them back in order — done!
📜Protocols — the Rules of the Net
HTTPLoads web pages from a server to your browser.
HTTPS 🔒Secure HTTP — your data is encrypted as it travels.
name # DNSTranslates names like google.com into IP addresses.
IP AddressA unique number — the mailing address of each device.
📮 Just like sending mail!
An IP address is like a home mailing address.
Packets are like splitting one big delivery into smaller boxes.
Each box finds its own way and they meet up at the end.
🔑Key Terms
🌍Internet A global network of billions of connected computers and devices.
📦Packet A small chunk of data, reassembled at the destination.
📍IP Address A unique number identifying every device online.
📜Protocol A set of rules for how computers send data to each other.
🖥️Server A powerful computer that stores data and responds to requests.
📡Router A device that directs packets along the best path to their destination.
Remember: the internet is a real, physical network — your data zips across it as tiny packets, each following its own fastest route!
✏️ Computer Science Anchor Chart · How the Internet Works
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