Computer Science · Digital Citizenship

Passwords & Account Security

Your password is the key to your digital life. Strong passwords and an extra lock or two keep your games, email, and accounts safe.
🔑Weak Key vs. Strong Key
⚠️WEAK PASSWORD
123456 cracked in seconds!
Short and easy, like 123456 or password
Reused on lots of accounts
🐢 A guessing program cracks it almost instantly
🛡️STRONG PASSWORD
Tr@il-Mix_42! would take years!
Long: 12+ characters
Mixes letters, numbers & symbols, and is unique for each account
🐢💨 So many combos that guessing takes years
RECIPE Abc + 123 + !@# = strong 🔒
🧪 The recipe for a strong password
Long — 12 characters or more
Mixed — letters, numbers AND symbols
Unique — a different one for every account
🤖How a Brute Force Attack Works
INPUT 🤖 attacker's program PROCESS (loop) try aaaa… try 0001… try every combo, millions per second 🔁 OUTPUT weak = cracked strong = gives up
A brute force attack is a program that tries every possible password until one works. A longer, mixed password has so many combinations that the loop would take years.
🔐Two Extra Layers of Protection
2-Factor Login 🔐 1️⃣ Key #1 — your password 🔑 AND 2️⃣ Key #2 — code texted to 📱 ✅ You're in!
2FA needs two kinds of proof. Even if a hacker steals your password, they still can't get in without your phone.
Encryption 🔒 you type Tr@il42! scramble 🔄 secret code x9$@kZ# …travels over the internet 🌐… 🕵️ A hacker only sees scrambled gibberish!
Encryption scrambles your password into unreadable code so it can't be stolen as it travels.
🔑Key Terms
🪪Authentication Proving you are who you claim to be — usually with a password.
📱Two-Factor Auth (2FA) Two forms of proof to log in: password + a phone code.
🔒Encryption Scrambling data into secret code only authorized people can read.
🤖Brute Force Attack Trying every possible password until one works.
🗝️Password Manager An app that safely stores and generates strong passwords for you.
🛡️Cybersecurity Protecting computers, networks, and data from attack.
Remember: a strong password is long, mixed, and unique for every account — and 2FA gives you a second key so one stolen clue isn't enough to get in!
✏️ Computer Science Anchor Chart · Passwords and Account Security
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