ELA · Reading Comprehension

Text Structure

The way an author organizes a non-fiction text. Spot the pattern and you can find the facts faster!
🧩5 Ways to Organize a Text
⏱️Chronological / Sequence
123 FirstThenFinally
Events told in time order — what happened first, next, and last.
Signal words: first, then, next, before, after, finally
🎯Cause & Effect
CAUSE why it happened EFFECT what resulted
Shows why something happened and what resulted from it.
Signal words: because, so, since, as a result, leads to
⚖️Compare & Contrast
different different alike (same)
Shows how two things are alike and how they are different.
Signal words: alike, both, similarly, however, but, unlike
🧯Problem & Solution
⚠️ PROBLEM ✔️ SOLUTION
Names an issue, then explains how to fix it.
Signal words: problem, issue, so that, solution, answer, fix
🖼️Description
TOPIC see 👁️ hear 👂 smell 👃 touch ✋
Paints a vivid picture using sensory details — sight, sound, smell, touch.
Signal words: for example, looks like, sounds like, sensory words, vivid
?
🔍 How to spot the structure
1Read the headings — they hint at how ideas are grouped.
2Hunt for signal words that act like road signs.
3Ask: is it telling time order, why, alike/different, or a fix?
🚦Signal Words = Road Signs
first · then next · finally because · so since · result both · alike however · but problem solution · fix
🔑Key Terms
🧩Text Structure The way an author organizes information in a passage.
⏱️Chronological Organized in time order — first this, then that.
🎯Cause & Effect Shows what made something happen and what resulted.
⚖️Compare & Contrast Shows how two things are alike and different.
🧯Problem & Solution Presents an issue and how to solve it.
🖼️Description Paints a vivid picture using sensory details (sight, sound, smell, touch).
🚦Signal Words Words like "first," "because," or "similarly" that hint at structure.
Remember: find the pattern first! Knowing how a text is organized helps you locate the facts faster.
✏️ ELA Anchor Chart · Text Structure
From ClickClass — hundreds of free printables at clickclassedu.com/printables